疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。多作主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句, 偶爾也作同位語(yǔ)從句。在作這些從句時(shí),其句型結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該采用以下兩種:
1.疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其他
2.本身是主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其他
不管采用哪種句型,其詞序總是陳述的,即主語(yǔ)必須位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面。
What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.(主語(yǔ)從句)
This reminded me of what he had once told us.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
The problem is whether robots will be smarter than humans.(表語(yǔ)從句)
Scientists have not found answers to the question why there is no life on Mars.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
1.當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason,且關(guān)系副詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用why引導(dǎo)(why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中why可省略)。例如:
(1)Can you tell me the reason why you are unhappy?你可以告訴我你為什么不開(kāi)心嗎?
(2)That's the reason (why) I'm checking it now.那就是我現(xiàn)在檢查的原因。
2.why可以用“for which”來(lái)代替。例如:
This is the reason why (=for which) he left the country.這就是他離開(kāi)國(guó)家的原因。
3.選擇why還是which/that?
當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞why,還是which/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)鍵要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作何種成分。若關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),則用why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;若在定語(yǔ)從句中不作狀語(yǔ),而是充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則用which/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如:
(1)The reason why I'm phoning you is to invite you to a party.我打電話(huà)給你的原因是邀請(qǐng)你參加一場(chǎng)晚會(huì)。(why在從句中作狀語(yǔ))
(2)The reason that/which he told me yesterday is a lie.昨天他告訴我的理由是個(gè)謊言。(that/which在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ))