單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.詞匯:
point, line, hit , shake, kitchen, forever, scientist, movement, for a while,fall off ,cut off,stay up,a large number of ,a bit,at the time of ,sound like,feel the floor move,on the morning of April 18th,as strong as possible,soup,coffee,bowl,offer, corn,
discover,room,ship,fresh,cheese,ever before/ever since,just a little,ice cream,a bottle of…，just now,help yourself to…,all kinds of , in the 7th century, take turns,be crowded(with),do/try one’s best,move into…，be made into paper,in many different ways,both…and…
2、句型
(1)watch sb.do sth.
(2)…times as +adj./adv.+as…
(3)It is +n./adj.+(for/of sb.)to do sth
(4)I’ll teach you if you like
(5)What a delicious supper!
(6)…need as much water as rice.
(7)In many parts of the world,corn is made into powder
3、交際用語(yǔ)：
(1)Were you in…at the time of…
(2)Sure I was
(3)I’ll never forget that.
(4)What was it like?
(5)Very strange.
(6)It sounded like...
(7)What happened next?
(8)Would you like?
(9)How about some more...
(10)Just a little,please.
(11)No,thanks,I’ve had enough.
(12)I’m full,thank you.
(13)Help yourself to...
(14)Let me give you...
(15)There’s plenty(of it)
考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.above,over,on
三個(gè)詞都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。On表示與某物體表面接觸；over表示在某物體垂直的上方，含“布滿、覆蓋、跨越”之意，與under 相對(duì)；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，與below相對(duì)。注意：與數(shù)字、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度詞連用時(shí)，多用over,同more than。如：over10,000people一萬(wàn)多人；表示年齡、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十開(kāi)外的人；above zero零度以上。
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：well above average遠(yuǎn)在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一個(gè)；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那邊； all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over再三地
[應(yīng)用]介詞填空
①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats
_____it.
②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him.
③ There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city.
④The moon was______the trees in the east.
Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above
2.afraid
1)“be afraid of+名詞”，意為“害怕”。
2）“be afraid of doing sth”意為“擔(dān)心，害怕……”。
3）“be afraid for…”意為“為……擔(dān)心。”
4）“be afraid that…”意為“擔(dān)心，恐怕”。
5）“be afraid to do ”意為“害怕，擔(dān)心而不敢做某事”。
6）I’m afraid so/not.恐怕是這樣/恐怕不會(huì)這樣
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①女孩子一般都怕蛇。
Girls are usually______ _____snakes.
②他怕把杯子打碎，因而很小心。
He was careful because he was afraid______ _____the glass.
③你不為自己的安全擔(dān)心嗎？
Are you afraid_______your safety?
④恐怕她會(huì)迷路。
I am _____ _____she will lose her way.
⑤湯姆把錢丟了，也不敢告訴他母親。
Tom lost the money and was afraid________ ______his mother.
Key:①afraid,of ②of,breaking ③for ④afraid,that ⑤to tell
3.cut短語(yǔ)歸納
1）用作動(dòng)詞：
get one’s hair cut理發(fā)；cut a loaf of bread in two 把一塊面包一切為二；cut a figure in stone 雕刻石像；cut the price 降價(jià)；cut the article 刪節(jié)文章；cut down trees 伐樹(shù)；cut down on smoking減少吸煙；cut in 插嘴，插入，cut in with a few words插嘴講幾句話；cut off a corner切掉一角；cut off electricity切斷電源；cut off three sentences刪去三個(gè)句子；cut out切掉，刪掉;cut out the last part of the play把劇本的最后一部分刪掉；cut…open切開(kāi)。
2) 用作名詞：the cuts on one’s arms 臂上的傷口：make big cuts削減，降價(jià)
[應(yīng)用]介、副詞填空
①Big cuts have been made____the prices of medicine.
②The strong wind cut_____the electricity of the whole city.
③The chairman spoke so fast that nobody could cut____.
④All the trees were cut_____.They will have to answer for their foolish action
Key:①in ②off ③in ④down
4.fall短語(yǔ)歸納
fall from a tree從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái)；fall off a table從桌子上落下；
fall out of bed 從床上跌下來(lái)；fall asleep入睡；fall ill病倒；fall behind落后；fall in love with sb.愛(ài)上某人；fall to pieces倒塌，垮臺(tái)，崩潰，解體；fall into the water跌進(jìn)水中；fall down 倒下；fall onto the ground掉（倒）在地上；have many falls 跌下許多跤；in the fall在秋季。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①那個(gè)孩子從墻上掉下來(lái)傷著了右腿。
The boy____ ____the wall and hurt his right leg.
②他不想在學(xué)習(xí)上落后于別人。
He didn’t want to _____ ____others in his studies.
Key:①fell,off ②fall,behind
5.as…as
as many as 和……一樣多/多達(dá)；as much as 和……一樣多/多達(dá)（注意：many指可數(shù)的量，much 指不可數(shù)詞的量）；as high as 和……一樣高/高達(dá)；as thick as 和……一樣厚/厚達(dá)；as long as 一樣長(zhǎng)/長(zhǎng)達(dá);as deep as 一樣深/深達(dá)；as early as 一樣早/早在……時(shí)候，如：
We have as many books as they.我們的書和他們的一樣多。/The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings.大火燒毀的大樓多達(dá)20座。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①新橋與舊橋一樣長(zhǎng)。/這種魚可長(zhǎng)到長(zhǎng)達(dá)15英尺。
②這座山和遠(yuǎn)處的另一座一樣高。/這座山高達(dá)4000米。
Key:
①The new bridge is as long as the old one./The kind
of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.
②This mountain is as high as another one in the distance./This mountain is as high as 4,000 metres.
6.倍數(shù)的表示法
1）…times as…as“……是……的幾倍”；
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亞洲的大小是歐洲的4倍。
2）…times +形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+that:
The new building is four times higher than the old one.
新樓比舊樓高4倍。
3）…times+the size/height/length/depth+of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球是月亮大小的49倍。
The ball is twice the width of our classroom.
舞廳是我們教室寬度的2倍。
4）…times+what從句：
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
現(xiàn)在的生產(chǎn)是10年前的3倍。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①After the new technique was introduced,the factory
produced_____tractors in 1988 as the year before.(MET’90)
A．a(chǎn)s twice many B.as many twice
C.twice as many D.twice many as
②The population of China is_____than that of America.
A.larger five times B.five times larger
C.five times as D.as five times
Key:①C ②B
7．形容詞、副詞各等級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)
1）修飾原級(jí)的詞：very,so,too,quite,rather,fairly,pretty.
2)修飾比較級(jí)的詞：a little,a bit,slightly,any,much,a lot,a great deal,far,by far,rather,even,still,yet等。
3）修飾最高級(jí)的詞：by far,much,almost,the second等。
注意：基數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)也可修飾比較等級(jí)。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①恐怕箱子對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)太重了，不過(guò)還是要謝謝你。
I’m afraid the box is ______heavy_____you,but thank you all the same.(MET’90)
②我的房間比你們的稍大一點(diǎn)。
Our room is ____ ____ than theirs.
③我比你早到三個(gè)小時(shí)。
I came here______ _____ _____ than you.
④黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。
The Yellow River is_____ _____ _____river in China.
Key：①too,for ②slightly,bigger ③three,hours,earlier④the,second,longest
8.join,join in, take part in ,attend
1)join 表示“加入黨派，組織、社團(tuán)、俱樂(lè)部”等。
如：join the Party/Youth League/army/club/organization入黨/入團(tuán)/參軍/加入俱樂(lè)部/加入組織。
2)join in 表示“參加正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)”。如 ：join in a game /discussion/conversation/walk/talk參加游戲/討論/談話/一起散步/一起討論。亦可說(shuō)：join sb. in (doing)sth.表示“加入某人一起做某事”。
3)take part in 表示“參加會(huì)議、活動(dòng)”，側(cè)重說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)參加并發(fā)揮一定作用，part 前若有修飾語(yǔ)，要用不定冠詞。如:take (an active)part in a party/school activities/physical labour(積極)參加聚會(huì)/學(xué)�；顒�(dòng)/體力勞動(dòng)。
4)attend 表示“出席、參加會(huì)議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、典禮、上課、上學(xué)、聽(tīng)報(bào)告”。如：attend a meeting/a sports meeting/a concer/a show/school/a lecture參加會(huì)議/運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)/出席音樂(lè)會(huì)/出席展覽會(huì)/上學(xué)/聽(tīng)演講。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我哥哥參軍2年了。
It’s two years since my brother_______the army.
②我的朋友和我一起祝你生日快樂(lè)。
All my friends_______ ________ ________ wishing you a
happy birthday.
③今晚有一個(gè)聚會(huì)，你參加嗎？
There will be a party this evening. Are you going to
_______ _________ _______ it?
④邁克沒(méi)有參加莉莉的婚禮。
Mike didn’t ______ Lily’s wedding.
Key:①joined ②join，me,in③take,part,in ④attend
9.at表示速度、價(jià)格、利率
at a high/low price以高價(jià)/;低價(jià)；at 40 miles an hour 以每小時(shí)40英里的速度；at a high/low speed以高速/慢速；at an ordinary speed 以普通速度；at full/top speed以全速/高速；at a speed of 以……速度。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①公司決定以較低的價(jià)格將這批電視賣掉。
The company decided to sell the TV sets ______ ______ ___
---- 。
②火車正以每小時(shí)150英里的速度前進(jìn)。
The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour .
Key:①at, a, low, price
②at,a, speed,of
10.動(dòng)詞 + off短語(yǔ)
fly off 飛走；go off 離開(kāi)；take off 脫下，起飛；run off 跑開(kāi)；fall off 掉下；turn off 關(guān)上；get off 下來(lái)；drive off 駛離；hurry off 匆忙離開(kāi)；keep off 離開(kāi)，勿靠近；pay off 還清（債）put off 推遲；send off驅(qū)逐；set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身；throw off 扔掉，匆忙脫衣；ring off 掛斷電話；
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①此處很危險(xiǎn)，讓孩子們離開(kāi)。
It’s dangerous here.______ ______ the children.
②火車剛到，一大群人正在下車。
The train has just come in, with crowds of people______
_______it.
Key:①keep ,off ②getting, off
11.quite,rather與名詞連用時(shí)冠詞的位置
quite, rather表示“相當(dāng)”意義與名詞連用時(shí)，a/an可放在之前，亦可之后；但the 必須置于它們的前面。如:quite a big house/a quite big house相當(dāng)大的一套房子。如：a quite easy problem/quite an easy problem相當(dāng)容易的一個(gè)問(wèn)題；a rather good player /rather a good player相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的一名運(yùn)動(dòng)員；the rather/quite tall tree 那棵相當(dāng)高的樹(shù)。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①今天相當(dāng)冷。
It’s _____ _____ cold day today.
②他是個(gè)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)的藝術(shù)家。
He is ______ ______ _______artist.
Key: ①rather,a ②quite,a ,good
12.discover
discover sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某物；discover oneself暴露自己的身份；discover sb. doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做某事;discover sb./sth.to be…發(fā)現(xiàn)某人（物）……；discover + that 從句發(fā)現(xiàn)……常用搭配：discover one’s mistake/an island/the truth發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的錯(cuò)誤/一座島/事實(shí)的真相
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一位出色的舞蹈家。
We ______her ______ _____ a good dancer./We _____ that
_______ _______a good dancer.
②有人發(fā)現(xiàn)她在偷東西。
Someone ______ ______ ______ things./Someone discovered that
______ ______stealing things.
Key:
①discovered，to, be/discovered, she, was
②discovered,her,stealing/she,was
13.room,space
room,space都可以用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“空間，余地”。另外，room
有“房間”之意，可數(shù)；space有“太空”之意，不可數(shù)。常用短語(yǔ)：live a room 5住在5號(hào)房間；three rooms三個(gè)房間；take up much room占很多空間；standing room 立足之地；in space 在太空
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯(cuò)
①There is much rooms for improvement in our work.
②There isn’t enough spaces in this classroom for 30 desks.
③The universe exists in the space, as we all know.
Key: ①改rooms為room
②改spaces為space
③去掉space前的the
14.crowd
crowd 可用作名詞，表示“人群，群”；用作動(dòng)詞，表示“群集，擁擠”。如:
a crowd of children一群孩子；crowds of books 成堆的書；a cheering crowd 歡呼的人群；crowd into 擠進(jìn)；crowd in 擁入；crowd round圍在……的周圍；a crowded city/train擁擠的城市/火車；be crowded with 擠滿、塞滿
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①很多村民從大門擁入，院子里很擠。
②大廳里擠滿了學(xué)生。
Key:
①M(fèi)any villagers crowded in through the gate and the yard was
crowded.
②The hall was crowded with students.
15.prepare
prepare a plan/cards/a meal/one’s lessons 準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)計(jì)劃/卡片/一頓飯/備課；prepare sb.sth./prepare sth.for sb.為某人準(zhǔn)備某物；prepare to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事；prepare sb.for使某人對(duì)……進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備；make preparations for 為做準(zhǔn)備：
辯析：
①prepare one’s lessons(指教師)備課；prepare for one’s
lossons (指學(xué)生)準(zhǔn)備功課
②prepare for “為……做準(zhǔn)備”，側(cè)重指動(dòng)作；be(get)prepared
for “對(duì)某事從物質(zhì)上，心理上做好了準(zhǔn)備”是系結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)。對(duì)比：We are preparing for the final exam我們正在為期末考試做準(zhǔn)備。/We are well prepared for the final exam.這次期末考試我們已完全做好了準(zhǔn)備。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①爸爸為我們準(zhǔn)備了一頓豐盛的午飯。
Father _______ _____ a good lunch./Father ______ a good
lunch______ us.
②明天是兒童節(jié)。孩子們?cè)跍?zhǔn)備去爬山。
Tomorrow is Children’s Day. The children are ______ _____
______climbing.
③我們必須讓所有的人為可能的洪水做好準(zhǔn)備。
We must_______ all the people______ the possible flood.
④外交部長(zhǎng)對(duì)這樣的問(wèn)題沒(méi)有思想準(zhǔn)備。
The Foreign Minister ______ not______for such questions.
Key:
①prepared,us/prepared,for
②preparing, to ,go
③prepare,for
④was,prepared
16.offer
offer sth.提供，提出；offer sb.sth./offer sth.to(for)sb.
為某人提供、提出;offer to do sth.主動(dòng)提出做某事；offer sb.sth.for(money)賣給某人要多少錢；offer sb.(money)for sth出錢買東西
短語(yǔ)：offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price提出勸告/建議/表示祝賀/出價(jià)；make an offer of help 主動(dòng)提供幫助；accept one’s offer 接受某人的建議
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他把座位讓給了老人。
He ______his seat______ the old man./He _____the old man
His seat.
②我的同桌主動(dòng)提出幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
My deskmate_____ ______ _____ me with my English.
③有人出1萬(wàn)元買你的這套房子。
Someone will _____ you 10,000 yuan______ your house.
Key:①offered,to /offered
②offered,to ,help
③offer,for
經(jīng)典名題導(dǎo)解
1.- Do you like the material?
-Yes,it_____ very soft.
A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt
解析：此題主要考查feel一詞作系動(dòng)詞的用法。因?yàn)榭崭窈竺媸切稳菰~，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用系動(dòng)詞的一船現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不用它的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故正確答案為C。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：諸如 feel作系動(dòng)詞的用法的詞還有：sound,taste, smell,
look等，經(jīng)常被測(cè)試。需要注意的是這些系動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
2．After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced_______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A.as twice many B.as many twice
C.twice as many D.twice many as
解析：此題主要考查形容詞中倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法。表示倍數(shù)、幾分之幾、百分之的單詞或短語(yǔ)放在as(so)…as 或形容詞比較級(jí)的前面。所以要填twice as many as。故答案為C。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：倍數(shù)的表達(dá)公式為：A is …times + adj./adv.(比較級(jí))+that+B或A is...times+as+adj./adv.(原級(jí))+as+B,答題時(shí)需注意屬于哪一句式。
3．Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.
A.the ones B. ones C.some D.the others
解析：本題主要考查不定代詞的用法區(qū)別。這是一個(gè)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。缺少先行詞。the ones 表示特指，ones 表示泛指，不能作先行詞，the others 意思是“剩余的”，與定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)義重復(fù)，some亦為泛指。故答案為A。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：不定代詞one、it、ones、the ones以及other、the other(s)在英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用中極為普及，需留意它們區(qū)別。
4.- ______ you like some more bread?
-I’m full, thank you .
A.Shall B.Will C.Are D.Would
解析：本題考查“would……like sth.”句型表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)的用法。shall用于征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第一、三人稱中，will 和would 常用于第二人稱表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，但would語(yǔ)氣更委婉，因此本題答案D恰當(dāng)。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的一大難點(diǎn)，解這類題時(shí)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)意，把握語(yǔ)境。
5.Thank you very much for _______ you have done for my sister.
A.that B.which C.it D.what
解析：本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中的用法。這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，其中，you have done for my sister這個(gè)句子是作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，因此這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中done是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其后缺少了賓語(yǔ)。故答案選D。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：解復(fù)合句時(shí)，首先應(yīng)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)后，根據(jù)不同的從句選用正確的連接詞。
e.g.I don’t know where I can buy this map.
6.- Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
- ________.
A.Yes, you may borrow B.Yes, you could
D.Yes, help yourself D.Yes, go on
解析：本題考查日常口語(yǔ)的使用。題中用could 是請(qǐng)求對(duì)方幫忙或同意自己做某事時(shí)婉轉(zhuǎn)的用法。因此本題問(wèn)話簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)可以是“Yes,you can”而不是B項(xiàng)“Yes ,you could”，而A項(xiàng)不能省略代詞it.D項(xiàng)意為“用吧”。故答案選 C恰當(dāng)。意為“自己取用”。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：對(duì)于一些語(yǔ)意相近的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析，逐一排除。